Ap Classroom Unit 7 Progress Check MCQ Answers

1. Arun’s coworkers regularly describe him as being very agreeable. According to the behavioral perspective of personality, Arun’s agreeableness most likely comes from

A. being rewarded for exhibiting agreeable behavior as a child
B. witnessing agreeable behavior and wishing to mimic that behavior
C. a character trait that he inherited from his family
D. having a secure attachment with his parents
E. the superego successfully controlling the impulses of the id

2. Domy was raised in a collectivistic culture, while Naureen was raised in an individualistic culture. Based on their upbringings, it is safe to conclude that compared to Naureen, Domy is more likely to

A. keeps a journal in which she highlights the ways that she is special and unique
B. skip going to a concert so she can have dinner with her family
C. tells her boss that a coworker did not contribute to a project so that she could get full credit for the work
D. speak up at a meeting to make sure her ideas are heard
E. tries to run faster on the treadmill at the gym than the person next to her

3. Dr. Anderson is a psychologist with a patient having difficulty forming relationships with others. To help her patient work through his issues, Dr. Anderson focuses on developing a solid relationship characterized by unconditional positive regard. Dr. Anderson’s approach is most consistent with which type of personality theory?

A. Humanist
B. Psychodynamic
C. Behaviorist
D. Biological
E. Trait

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4. A therapist adherent to the humanistic personality theory would most likely focus on which of the following?

A. The underlying and consistent behavioral traits that differ across individuals
B. Differences in rewards and punishments as the source of behavioral differences
C. Unconscious motives guiding people’s behavior
D. The pursuit of self-actualization
E. The influence of the beliefs about the self on behavior

5. Chidi is very selfless, cooperative, and trusting of other people. According to the Big Five model of personality, these characteristics make him

A. low in agreeableness
B. high in extroversion
C. low in neuroticism
D. high in agreeableness
E. low in extroversion

6. Michael is a kindergartner who is habitually very kind to his classmates and always wants to play with others, even if it means sharing his toys. However, every morning, when his mother leaves him at school, he becomes distraught and cries for a half hour. How would a trait theorist most likely characterize his relative levels of extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness?

A. High on extraversion; high on neuroticism; high on agreeableness
B. Low on extraversion; low on neuroticism; low on agreeableness
C. High on extraversion; high on neuroticism; low on agreeableness
D. High on extraversion; low on neuroticism; high on agreeableness
E. Low on extraversion; high on neuroticism; low on agreeableness

7. Which of the following scenarios most directly refutes trait theories of psychology?

A. Benjamin takes a personality inventory and feels it describes him well.
B. Victoria goes to the same restaurant and orders the same meal every day, but when she goes out to eat with friends, she likes to call the most exciting thing on the menu.
C. Cristobal is habitually easily frustrated when he does not get his way.
D. Assaf keeps his house very organized.
E. Franklin gets along with everyone he meets and makes friends wherever he goes.

8. Dr. Brenner works with people to help them decide what jobs suit them most. She wants her clients to take a personality inventory and believes that the five-factor personality model is the best one to use to determine job fit. The test that will give her reliable results and best fit her view of her personality is the

A. Draw-A-Person test (DAP)
B. Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
C. NEO™ Personality Inventory-3 (NEO™-PI-3)
D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale®—Fourth Edition (WAIS®-IV)
E. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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9. Alison is completing a practicum in a psychiatric clinic, and her supervisor has asked her to select an appropriate test for a patient she suspects has a personality disorder but who is otherwise within the normal range for IQ and does not appear to have other cognitive issues. Which of the following measures would be the most appropriate choice?

A. The Rorschach test
B. The Stanford-Binet test
C. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form® (MMPI-2-RF®)
D. The HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO PI – R)
E. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®)

10. Dr. Howard wants to evaluate a patient’s personality concerning motivation. The patient does not read very well and does not have a very long attention span. Which of the following tests will provide reliable results most practically?

A. The Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire® (16PF®)
B. The NEO™ Personality Inventory-3 (NEO™-PI-3)
C. The Freudian Personality Type Test
D. The Thematic Apperception Test
E. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form® (MMPI-2-RF®)

11. Jenny and Anne are identical twins but were separated at birth and adopted by different families. When they meet as adults, they are interested in learning that they share some aspects of personality but differ in others. Albert Bandura, known for the social learning theory of personality, would most likely attribute the differences in the twins’ personalities to

A. differences in the environmental stimuli they experienced and elicited from others during development
B. subconscious desires to differentiate themselves from each other
C.their substantial differences in genetic makeup
D. the fact that genetic factors influence personality only in childhood
E. the attachment style they developed during childhood

12. Giraldo is unhappy at work. One explanation that is consistent with psychoanalytic theories of personality is that

A. Giraldo feels he cannot be himself at work, and this lack of self-actualization causes his unhappiness
B. Giraldo feels critical of his choice not to go to college, and his defense mechanism is to blame his job for his unhappiness.
C. Giraldo feels he has no choice about his work duties, and this external locus of control leads to unhappiness.
D. Giraldo thinks he is terrible at his job, and everyone will soon find out, and this lack of self-efficacy leads to his unhappiness.
E. Giraldo is generally not very friendly or happy, and this trait of low agreeableness causes his unhappiness.

13. When Jordan was one year old, he and his father were in a car accident. Neither he nor anyone else in the car was seriously injured, and as an adult, he has no memory of the event. However, his father developed anxiety around cars as a result. Jordan is now 26 years old. Despite not having been in any car accidents since he was one year old, Jordan has recently begun experiencing anxiety every time he gets in a car. According to psychoanalytic theories of personality, why is Jordan experiencing anxiety?

A. His anxiety is likely genetic and not related to the accident at all.
B. Despite not having any conscious memory of the accident, he remembers it in his subconscious, and that has begun to cause his anxiety.
C. He has learned to be anxious regarding cars over time because he has witnessed his father being worried.
D. His anxiety was extinguished over time by not being reinforced by additional car accidents, but he is now experiencing spontaneous recovery from the stress.
E. Anxiety most often begins to develop after the age of twenty-six.

14. Rolf is beginning to learn to ski but is nervous about going down some of the steeper slopes. Which of the following potential explanatory factors would the theorist Alfred Adler be most interest in exploring to understand Rolf’s concerns?

A. Rolf’s need to overcome his feelings of isolation in the world
B. Rolf’s feelings about his older sister, who qualified for the Olympics in skiing
C. Rolf’s need to achieve self-actualization
D. Rolf’s neurotic personality
E. Rolf’s desire to prove to himself that he is capable of skiing down the steeper slopes and his certainty that he has observed sufficient skilled skiers to emulate them

15. If a personality survey with high internal consistency includes two questions related to the personality dimension of agreeableness, then which of the following is true?

A. It is impossible to predict how people will answer the second question based on how they answered the first question.
B. If people give an extreme answer to the first question, they tend to provide the opposite radical answer to the second question.
C. People will tend to give dissimilar answers to both questions.
D. People will tend to give similar answers to both questions.
E. If people give a moderate answer to the first question, they tend to give an extreme answer to the second question.

16. To develop his theory about personality, Freud interviewed his patients during therapy sessions, typically multiple sessions per week. The patients lay on a couch while Freud asked questions and listened to the patients’ responses. What was one of Freud’s main contributions to personality theory, and which method did he use?

A. The existence of archetypes and the collective unconscious; case studies
B. The existence of archetypes and the collective unconscious; personality inventories
C. Personality is related to balance among the id, the ego, and the superego; case studies
D. Personality is related to balance among the id, the ego, and the superego; personality inventories
E. Inferiority complexes plague many individuals and can develop into psychological issues; case studies

17. Personality tests that use forced-choice questions are beneficial in identifying personality traits because they

A. minimize desirability bias because test takers are choosing between two unrelated statements
B. allow the psychologist to account for how the participant acts in a variety of different situations
C. can test more personality facets than other personality inventories
D. allow test takers to give intermediate responses
E. are subjective, which allows a psychologist to draw more accurate conclusions from the data

18. Stress can most likely contribute to heart disease because

A. heart medication is costly, so having heart disease increases stress
B. stress blocks the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, so blood pressure goes up
C. too much stress affects inherited risk factors
D. the fight or flight reaction stops food digestion, so people gain weight
E. cortisol released during stress reduces the flexibility of blood vessels, so the heart has to work harder

19. According to Kurt Lewin’s motivational conflict theory, approach-avoidance conflict occurs when a situation has

A. only neutral aspects
B. only a robust negative aspect
C. only a mildly negative aspect
D. only a robust positive aspect
E. both positive and negative aspects

20. Chronic stress is most likely to lead to

A. increased cognitive function
B. increased tolerance for stressful situations
C. decreased functioning of the immune system
D. decreased functioning of the immune system
E. decreased production of cortisol

21. Russ went for a run, and Nelly took a nap. They then watched a horror movie together. Usually, Russ and Nelly are equally scared when they watch horror movies. In this situation, Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion predicts that

A. Nelly will be more scared of the movie because she is well-rested from the nap
B. Nelly will find the movie funny because she is well-rested from the nap.
C. Russ will be more scared of the movie because he is aroused from the run.
D. Russ will find the movie funny because he is aroused from the run.
E. Russ and Nelly will be equally scared of the movie.

22. Monica is kicking a soccer ball with her brother in her front yard. When the ball rolls into the street, Monica runs to retrieve it, and her father yells at her from the window. Monica becomes upset when her father raises his voice. How do the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion and the James-Lange theory of emotion differ in explaining Monica’s response to her father’s raised voice?

A. The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that Monica’s emotional state and physiological arousal co-occur, whereas the James-Lange theory suggests that Monica’s physiological arousal precedes her emotional state.
B. The James-Lange theory proposes that Monica’s emotional state and physiological arousal co-occur, whereas the Cannon-Bard theory suggests that Monica’s physiological arousal precedes her emotional state.
C. The James-Lange theory proposes that Monica’s emotional state and arousal co-occur. In contrast, the Cannon-Bard theory suggests that Monica’s emotional state stems from her cognitive appraisal of her father’s disapproval and physiological arousal.
D. The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that Monica’s emotional state stems primarily from physiological factors. In contrast, the James-Lange theory suggests that Monica’s emotional state stems from her cognitive appraisal of her father’s disapproval and physiological arousal.
E. The James-Lange theory proposes that Monica’s emotional state stems primarily from physiological factors. In contrast, the Cannon-Bard theory suggests that Monica’s emotional state stems primarily from cognitive appraisal factors.

23. Before starting working at a daycare center, Merideth smiles at herself in the mirror for a few moments. No matter how she feels before she comes in, she finds that smiling helps her think happier before beginning her day. Merideth’s experience is evidence for

A. general adaptation theory
B. cognitive dissonance theory
C. unconditional positive regard
D. the facial feedback hypothesis
E. desirability bias

24. The neurotransmitter dopamine is most closely associated with

A. alertness
B. obsession and compulsion
C. irritability
D. reward-seeking behavior
E. appetite

25. According to the drive reduction theory of motivation, drives arise because of physiological imbalances in

A. the gonads
B. the cochleae
C. the parathyroid glands
D. homeostasis
E. the synapses

26. Emotions are controlled primarily by the

A. limbic system
B. endocrine system
C. occipital lobe
D. hindbrain
E. corpus callosum

27. Dr. Dameron wants to test whether the Yerkes-Dodson law holds for the players on a college basketball team. Dr. Dameron will manipulate arousal in the players by giving them different doses of caffeine. Which method would best allow Dr. Dameron to test the causal effects of arousal on performance in the players, and what results should he expect to find?

A. Give three different groups of players low, medium, and high doses of caffeine during a practice game. The performance of the high-dose group is predicted to be best.
B. Give each player a low dose, then a medium dose, then a high dose of caffeine during three consecutive practice games. Their performance while on the low dose is predicted to be best.
C. Give each player a low dose, then a medium dose, then a high dose of caffeine during three consecutive practice games. Their performance while on the high dose is predicted to be best.
D. Give three different groups of players low, medium, and high doses of caffeine during a practice game. The performance of the medium-dose group is predicted to be best.
E. Give each player a low dose, then a medium dose, then a high dose of caffeine during three consecutive practice games. Their performance while on the medium dose is predicted to be the best.

28. The best ethos to understand the causal effect of a reward on an intrinsically motivated behavior is to

A. conduct an experiment in which intrinsic motivation for a behavior is tested before administering a reward for that same behavior in a random sample of participants and then measure the motivation after the reward is taken away
B. conduct a case study in which one individual is interviewed extensively about their intrinsic motivation for a behavior and the effect of rewards
C. conduct a cross-sectional study in which a large sample of individuals are interviewed extensively about their intrinsic motivation for a behavior and the effect of rewards
D. conduct an experiment where a random sample of participants are given a reward for a given behavior and measure whether the behavior increases
E. conduct a correlational study where the relationship between participants’ self-reported intrinsic motivation for a behavior is correlated with the rewards they receive for that behavior

29. Which of the following correctly explains the evidence (as well as the person responsible for the discovery) that stress leads to three distinct stages of physiological change: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion?

A. Hans Seyle conducted interviews with human participants, identifying their emotional state during different lengths of time living under stressful conditions
B. Hans Seyle conducted a study comparing rats’ cortisol blood sugar levels before and during a stressful situation.
C. Hans Seyle conducted a study measuring rats’ cortisol and blood sugar levels during different amounts of time living under stressful conditions.
D. Richard Lazarus conducted a study measuring rats’ cortisol and blood sugar levels during different amounts of time living under stressful conditions.
E. Richard Lazarus interviewed human participants, identifying their emotional state during different lengths of time living under stressful conditions.