The Rise of Nationalism in Europe MCQs
1. What did nationalism primarily promote in 19th-century Europe?
A. Colonial expansion
B. Religious unity
C. Sense of collective identity and common history
D. Economic socialism
2. Which event is considered a major trigger for nationalism in Europe?
A. Industrial Revolution
B. French Revolution
C. Russian Revolution
D. American Civil War
3. Who wrote the book “The Social Contract” that influenced nationalism?
A. Voltaire
B. Montesquieu
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D. John Locke
4. What did the French Revolution popularize?
A. Absolute monarchy
B. Ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity
C. Feudal privileges
D. Church supremacy
5. Which symbol represented the French nation?
A. The Crown
B. The Tricolour flag
C. The Cross
D. The Eagle
6. What was the main aim of nationalists?
A. Expansion of empires
B. Religious reform
C. Formation of nation-states
D. Economic dominance
7. Which leader unified Germany?
A. Napoleon Bonaparte
B. Otto von Bismarck
C. Kaiser Wilhelm II
D. Metternich
8. What policy was used by Bismarck to unify Germany?
A. Socialism
B. Diplomacy
C. Blood and Iron
D. Pacifism
9. Which country was unified under Giuseppe Garibaldi?
A. Germany
B. France
C. Italy
D. Austria
10. What was the role of Romanticism in nationalism?
A. Promoted industrial growth
B. Emphasized emotion, culture, and folk traditions
C. Supported monarchy
D. Encouraged capitalism
11. Which treaty reorganized Europe after Napoleon’s defeat?
A. Treaty of Paris
B. Congress of Vienna
C. Treaty of Versailles
D. Treaty of Rome
12. Who dominated the Congress of Vienna?
A. Napoleon
B. Garibaldi
C. Metternich
D. Bismarck
13. What was Metternich’s ideology?
A. Liberalism
B. Nationalism
C. Conservatism
D. Socialism
14. Which country was fragmented into many states before unification?
A. France
B. Germany
C. Britain
D. Spain
15. What did liberal nationalism stand for?
A. Absolute monarchy
B. Freedom, equality, and representative government
C. Religious authority
D. Military dictatorship
16. What was a major obstacle to nationalism?
A. Education
B. Print culture
C. Conservatism of monarchies
D. Language
17. What role did language play in nationalism?
A. Created division
B. Unified people with shared identity
C. Encouraged trade
D. Promoted imperialism
18. Which region experienced nationalist revolts in 1848?
A. Scandinavia
B. Europe
C. Africa
D. Asia
19. What happened during the Revolutions of 1848?
A. Monarchies strengthened
B. Nationalist and liberal uprisings occurred
C. Feudalism expanded
D. Colonialism declined
20. What is a nation-state?
A. Empire with colonies
B. Religious state
C. State with common culture, language, and people
D. Military dictatorship
21. Which class supported nationalism?
A. Nobility
B. Middle class
C. Peasants only
D. Clergy
22. Which idea opposed nationalism?
A. Liberalism
B. Dynastic rule
C. Democracy
D. Constitutionalism
23. Which empire controlled many nationalities?
A. British Empire
B. Austrian Empire
C. French Empire
D. Spanish Empire
24. What problem did multi-national empires face?
A. Economic growth
B. Nationalist conflicts
C. Political stability
D. Cultural unity
25. What was the main goal of Italian nationalists?
A. Strengthen monarchy
B. Political unification
C. Expand colonies
D. Economic reform
26. Which kingdom led Italian unification?
A. Naples
B. Sardinia-Piedmont
C. Sicily
D. Tuscany
27. What role did wars play in nationalism?
A. Destroyed nationalism
B. Strengthened national unity
C. Promoted peace
D. Reduced patriotism
28. Who used nationalism to strengthen state power?
A. Liberals
B. Conservatives
C. Socialists
D. Peasants
29. What was the impact of nationalism on Europe?
A. Political fragmentation
B. Formation of modern nation-states
C. Decline of education
D. Increased feudalism
30. Which symbol represented freedom?
A. Crown
B. Broken chains
C. Sceptre
D. Throne
31. What did nationalism replace?
A. Capitalism
B. Dynastic rule
C. Democracy
D. Industrialization
32. What was the role of print culture?
A. Spread illiteracy
B. Spread nationalist ideas
C. Suppressed opinions
D. Supported feudalism
33. Which country inspired European nationalism?
A. Britain
B. France
C. Russia
D. Spain
34. What does “Volksgeist” mean?
A. State power
B. Spirit of the people
C. Military strength
D. National flag
35. Who emphasized folk culture and traditions?
A. Liberals
B. Conservatives
C. Romantics
D. Capitalists
36. What happened to the Austrian Empire due to nationalism?
A. Strengthened
B. Faced instability
C. Expanded
D. United
37. Which year saw widespread nationalist revolutions?
A. 1815
B. 1848
C. 1871
D. 1914
38. Which ideology supported nationalism?
A. Feudalism
B. Liberalism
C. Absolutism
D. Imperialism
39. What united people into a nation?
A. Religion only
B. Shared history, culture, and language
C. Wealth
D. Army
40. Which country unified in 1871?
A. Italy
B. Germany
C. France
D. Austria
41. What was nationalism’s effect on empires?
A. Strengthened them
B. Weakened them
C. Had no impact
D. Expanded colonies
42. What was the outcome of nationalist movements?
A. Political chaos only
B. Independent nation-states
C. Religious rule
D. Economic collapse
43. Who opposed nationalist movements?
A. Middle class
B. Conservative monarchies
C. Students
D. Workers
44. What did nationalism emphasize?
A. Individualism only
B. Collective identity
C. Religious faith
D. Military expansion
45. Which symbol represented unity?
A. Broken chain
B. National flag
C. Sword
D. Crown
46. What ideology wanted constitutional governments?
A. Conservatism
B. Liberalism
C. Absolutism
D. Imperialism
47. Who led Red Shirts in Italy?
A. Mazzini
B. Garibaldi
C. Bismarck
D. Metternich
48. Which empire collapsed later due to nationalism?
A. British
B. Ottoman
C. American
D. Portuguese
49. What was nationalism closely linked with?
A. Slavery
B. Democracy and self-rule
C. Imperialism
D. Feudalism
50. What best defines nationalism?
A. Loyalty to king
B. Loyalty to the nation
C. Loyalty to religion
D. Loyalty to empire
