Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions And Answers PDF

1. Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
D. Serotonin

2. Beta-blockers primarily act on which type of receptor?

A. Alpha-1
B. Beta-adrenergic
C. Muscarinic
D. Dopaminergic

3. Which of the following drugs is classified as an ACE inhibitor?

A. Losartan
B. Enalapril
C. Propranolol
D. Nifedipine

4. The half-life of a drug is defined as:

A. Time to reach maximum concentration
B. Time to onset of action
C. Time for the plasma concentration to reduce by 50%
D. Time for the drug to be completely eliminated

5. Which route of drug administration has the fastest absorption?

A. Oral
B. Intravenous
C. Subcutaneous
D. Topical

6. Which of the following is an example of a loop diuretic?

A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Spironolactone
C. Furosemide
D. Mannitol

7. The term “bioavailability” refers to:

A. Volume of distribution
B. Half-life
C. Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation
D. Clearance rate

8. Which of these drugs is an opioid agonist?

A. Ibuprofen
B. Morphine
C. Diazepam
D. Atenolol

9. What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

A. Naloxone
B. N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
C. Atropine
D. Protamine sulfate

10. Which of the following drugs is used to treat anaphylaxis?

A. Ephedrine
B. Dopamine
C. Epinephrine
D. Albuterol

11. Which of the following is a typical side effect of aminoglycosides?

A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Ototoxicity
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hyperkalemia

12. Warfarin acts by inhibiting:

A. Platelet aggregation
B. Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
C. Thrombin directly
D. Fibrinolysis

13. Which receptor does albuterol primarily act on?

A. Alpha-1
B. Alpha-2
C. Beta-2
D. Muscarinic

14. Which class of drugs is first-line for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

A. Sulfonylureas
B. Thiazolidinediones
C. Metformin
D. Insulin

15. The therapeutic index of a drug is:

A. Rate of absorption
B. Drug half-life
C. Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
D. Clearance rate

16. Which of the following drugs is a proton pump inhibitor?

A. Ranitidine
B. Famotidine
C. Omeprazole
D. Aluminum hydroxide

17. The main mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is:

A. Dopamine receptor blockade
B. Enhancement of GABA activity
C. Serotonin reuptake inhibition
D. NMDA receptor antagonism

18. Which of the following antibiotics is a macrolide?

A. Erythromycin
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Gentamicin
D. Ceftriaxone

19. Which drug is used to reverse opioid overdose?

A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone
C. Protamine
D. Atropine

20. Which of the following is a non-selective NSAID?

A. Celecoxib
B. Acetaminophen
C. Ibuprofen
D. Prednisone

21. Digoxin primarily affects which organ?

A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Heart
D. Lungs

22. Which of the following drugs is classified as a thiazide diuretic?

A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Mannitol

23. Which of these is a first-generation antihistamine?

A. Loratadine
B. Fexofenadine
C. Cetirizine
D. Diphenhydramine

24. Which of the following is an antiplatelet agent?

A. Warfarin
B. Heparin
C. Aspirin
D. Streptokinase

25. Which of these drugs is used to treat hypertension and has alpha-blocking effects?

A. Metoprolol
B. Prazosin
C. Lisinopril
D. Amlodipine

26. The main adverse effect of statins is:

A. Hypoglycemia
B. Myopathy
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Nephrotoxicity

27. Which drug class does amlodipine belong to?

A. ACE inhibitor
B. Calcium channel blocker
C. Beta-blocker
D. Loop diuretic

28. Which of the following is an antifungal agent?

A. Acyclovir
B. Fluconazole
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Gentamicin

29. Which receptor is primarily blocked by antipsychotics?

A. GABA
B. Dopamine D2
C. Serotonin
D. NMDA

30. Which of these drugs is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

A. Metformin
B. Omeprazole
C. Amlodipine
D. Furosemide

31. Which of the following is a rapid-acting insulin?

A. NPH
B. Glargine
C. Lispro
D. Detemir

32. The mechanism of action of penicillin is:

A. Protein synthesis inhibition
B. DNA synthesis inhibition
C. Cell wall synthesis inhibition
D. Folic acid antagonism

33. Which of the following drugs is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

A. Amitriptyline
B. Fluoxetine
C. Phenelzine
D. Bupropion

34. The main adverse effect of aminoglycosides is:

A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Nephrotoxicity
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hypotension

35. Which drug is used as a bronchodilator in asthma?

A. Albuterol
B. Lisinopril
C. Metoprolol
D. Atorvastatin

36. Which of the following is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A. Levothyroxine
B. Methimazole
C. Prednisone
D. Metformin

37. Which drug class reduces platelet aggregation?

A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Statins
D. Antiplatelets

38. Which of the following is a loop diuretic?

A. Spironolactone
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Furosemide
D. Amiloride

39. Which drug is commonly used for gout treatment?

A. Allopurinol
B. Metformin
C. Colchicine
D. Furosemide

40. Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit?

A. Penicillin
B. Tetracycline
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Cephalexin

41. The main effect of atropine is:

A. Beta-blockade
B. Alpha-blockade
C. Dopamine receptor blockade
D. Muscarinic receptor blockade

42. Which drug is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose?

A. Naloxone
B. Flumazenil
C. Protamine
D. Atropine

43. Which of the following drugs is a monoclonal antibody used for cancer therapy?

A. Methotrexate
B. Cyclophosphamide
C. Trastuzumab
D. Doxorubicin

44. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Cough
D. Tachycardia

45. Which of these drugs is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor?

A. Furosemide
B. Atorvastatin
C. Spironolactone
D. Amlodipine

46. Which drug is used as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis?

A. Warfarin
B. Heparin
C. Aspirin
D. Clopidogrel

47. Which of these is a long-acting insulin?

A. Lispro
B. Aspart
C. Glargine
D. Regular insulin

48. Which drug class is used to treat anxiety and insomnia?

A. Beta-blockers
B. Benzodiazepines
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Statins

49. Which drug is an opioid antagonist?

A. Morphine
B. Codeine
C. Naloxone
D. Fentanyl

50. Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?

A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Tetracycline
C. Penicillin
D. Erythromycin